CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) - A class of fatty acid found
in cheeses and some meat products, which could provide the health benefits of improving reduction in body fat and lipid levels and reducing the risk of certain malignancies.
Registered Dietitian (R.D.) - a health professional who is a food and nutrition expert. An individual who has studied nutrition and dietetics at an educational institution that has been approved by the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and successfully completed an examination to hold the position of a certified dietitian.
Thermal Effect of Food - the rise in energy expenditure associated with the processes of the breakdown, absorption and synthesis of food; this figure denotes about 10% of an individual`s total energy usage, which includes facultative thermogenesis (extra thermal heat expended on demand) and obligatory thermogenesis (energy dissipated as heat in the many energetic transformations inherent to life); often called DIT (diet-induced thermogenesis).
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) - also referred to as `gastrectomy`, a bariatric surgery in which surgeons divide an obese person`s stomach into a slim, vertical pouch. The two parts of the stomach are divided by surgical staples. The higher part is small, which limits the quantity of food it can contain. Food is emptied from the higher sac into the lower pouch through a small passage. A band is placed around this opening to prevent it from stretching. Potential problems after this surgical procedure involve disintegration of the band and breakdown of the staple line. In some rare cases, digestive fluids in the stomach might seep out into the abdominal cavity, or the site may get inflamed or infected, and additional complications may set in that could prove fatal.
Umami - an unidentified taste. Along with the four primary taste components (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter), there is a 5th taste characteristic called `umami` (Japanese for `delicious flavor` or `savory`. Among the food ingredients responsible for the umami flavor in foods is a nonessential amino acid, glutamate, which is present in many animal and plant proteins. (Also refer to `Glutamate` and ` MSG`.)
Ideal Weight Chart - a graph that helps individuals to identify their ideal weight range. It assumes knowledge of body frame size.
Liter - a measure of capacity in the metric system. 1 liter = 0.95 quarts.
Sorbitol - a sugar used as a sweetening agent for foods.
Risk Factor - refers to documented activity or factor that may increase the chance of developing a disease; however, risk factors do not necessarily surmise cause and effect.
Strength Training - activities specifically designed to add to muscle bulk and augment strength. This kind of training additionally helps in maintaining the amount of bone mass in the body framework and could assist in maintaining weight.
Unit - the elementary measurement of insulin. U-100 insulin translates to a 100 insulin units for each milliliter (ml) or cubic centimeter (cc) of solution.
Capillary - the smallest of the body`s blood vessels.
CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) - also referred to as coronary artery disease. The foremost anxiety over excess saturated and trans fats being components of the diet, is based on their potential role in raising the level of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream, a risk factor in the onset of coronary heart disease. Even so, one saturated fatty acid that has been given a lot of attention is stearic acid, present primarily in animal fat and cocoa butter, which is seen to have a neutral influence on blood cholesterol. Additional research is being carried out to determine the influence, if any, of stearic acid on additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Doctors and similar medical specialists calculate the level of blood cholesterol to help decide an individual`s risk for coronary heart disease. According to the National Institutes of Health, less that 200 mg/dL is said to be a desirable blood cholesterol level; more than 240 mg/dL is deemed to be high. Scientific researchers have also identified distinct kinds of blood cholesterol. Often called the `bad` cholesterol, LDL fractions contain most of the blood cholesterol and are associated with cholesterol deposits on the walls of arteries, more commonly known as `plaque`. Often called the `good cholesterol`, HDL fractions presumably move cholesterol out of the blood and return it to the liver for breakdown and excretion. Thus, having high HDL levels in total cholesterol (over 40 milligrams for every deciliter of blood), might be just as important as having low LDL levels (below l00 mg/dL), to combat the threat of heart disease. Together with diet, an extensive range of risk factors affect blood cholesterol. Risk factors beyond one`s control are age, race, and gender. Even so, there are a number of risk factors that people do have the means to control. These entail developing and maintaining healthy eating habits, maintaining body weight that is conducive to health and wellness, getting sufficient exercise, keeping high blood pressure under control, avoiding cigarette smoking, and managing stress. For certain individuals, genetically inherited factors could be an even more certain predictor of blood cholesterol than their dietary patterns.
Caffeine - a natural stimulant present in the fruits, leaves, or seeds of more than sixty three plant species across the world and that belongs to a set of organic compounds known as methylxanthines. The most commonly accepted sources of caffeine are coffee and cocoa beans, cola nuts, and tealeaves. This stimulant is a substance that is pharmacologically active and, according to the dosage, can be a mild nervous system stimulant. This organic compound does not accumulate in the body over time and is generally eliminated some hours after it has been ingested.
Polyuria - the production of large volumes of urine.
Yoga - an exercise regimen which help control the body and mind, and attain a sense of wellness. The various disciplines of yoga entail postures (called `asanas`) to increase the body`s strength and suppleness, breathing exercises for cleansing, and meditation to help the mind and body relax and manage stress better.
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